The Mississippi Delta region was losing land long before Hurricane Katrina came ashore. But the correlation between land loss and the risk of flooding in the region is now more evident than ever.

Since 1950, the delta has been losing an average of 55 square miles of land each year. That figure accelerated to 115 square miles of land loss the day Katrina struck. Following the Katrina disaster, Missouri S&T’s J. David Rogers was appointed to the National Science Foundation’s Independent Levee Investigation Team. He is also a member of the Coastal Louisiana Recovery Panel, which is charged with making recommendations for ­­a new flood defense system. Among other things, panelists are exploring ways to construct “green levees” by utilizing soil reinforcement technology.

“We need to get away from old ideas and systems of defense that have proven unreliable, and try to explore new technologies,” says Rogers, the Hasselman Chair of Geological Engineering at Missouri S&T. “Some of the new infrastructure will be buried beneath the river, and we’ll have to be opportunistic in diverting and managing silt-laden flood waters. It’s going to require a higher level of management than has previously been applied to the Mississippi River corridor.”

Rogers is focusing much of his research energy on exploring viable methods to save some of the millions of tons of silt that is being discharged into the Gulf of Mexico instead of being deposited in the Mississippi River’s natural flood plain, which covers a third of Louisiana.

In the past 100 years, sea levels have risen about one vertical foot. Scientists estimate that levels will continue to rise between one and three feet per century. Rogers says land loss in the region is caused by many things, including silt discharge, drainage of old swamp and marsh deposits, river management practices for increased navigation, commercial development, and extraction of oil and gas.

During last year’s meeting of the Geological Society of America in Denver, Rogers described 12 ways in which the Mississippi Delta is sinking. He also spoke about some of the big ideas for realistically countering the losses without alienating politicians and direct stakeholders.

“Doing nothing isn’t an option,” Rogers says. “The Mississippi River drains 41 percent of the U.S., and New Orleans exports the largest bulk volume of goods of any port in the world, mostly food. You can’t just shut it down. The economic impact would be staggering.”